What Types of Lies Are Commonly Used in Essays?

What Types of Lies Are Commonly Used in Essays?Writing an essay is something that is not easy to do, but if you know what types of lies you should avoid and how to check your facts, you can use the same strategies that professionals use in order to craft good essays. There are some tricks that can help you avoid some of the most common lies that are commonly used by writers and improve your overall essay writing skills.The first and most common types of lies that are commonly used are things like embellishing the story of an event. The embellishment is something that have a long-lasting effect, and it does nothing for the overall plot of the essay. It can make your essay seem more interesting than it really is, however, and this is the main reason why you should avoid embellishing your story.Another lie that is commonly used is using bad grammar. Writing essays is not easy, and you need to be careful about making mistakes. However, if you write your essay with spelling errors, you wi ll be wasting your time. Instead, try to follow the guidelines that professional writers use in order to improve their work.There are also a lot of false statements that are commonly used in essays. If you use any type of exaggeration, it is important to clearly state it and avoid any type of deception. Some of the most common types of exaggerations include spelling mistakes, incorrect figures, and poor style.There are other types of lies that are also used in writing essays, and they include using false statistics and bad grammar. Even if you have made a mistake, it is still important to mention it in your essay. You can use different styles to make your points, and some of these styles may even be the same as the style used by professionals.When you check out essay samples, you will find that they will have things that are related to some of the types of lies that we talked about. You should keep in mind that a bad writer has a lot of other problems, and you should try to take car e of the most important ones. If you know what types of lies to avoid and what to look for, you can write an essay that is perfect for any level of student.In order to make sure that you are able to write your essay without any type of problem, you should make sure that you are able to study effectively. Most of the courses that teach you how to write an essay include some sample essays. Reading through these sample essays will give you ideas for your own essay, and you will know what types of problems to avoid.If you do not want to spend a lot of time trying to figure out what types of lies to avoid, you should make sure that you take the time to read through a lot of essay samples. Since there are a lot of them, you will find that it is not hard to find one that will match your needs. It is important to focus on making your essay look professional, and you should not worry about the types of lies that you are likely to encounter.

African American History Topics For Research Paper

African American History Topics For Research PaperIf you are looking for African American history topics for a research paper then here are some questions you should ask yourself. When you are doing your research on the past of African Americans, be sure that you know what you are talking about.Let's start with a simple question: how many black people died in the Civil War? You have to figure this one out, because you want to get credit for your point. When you are doing this, do not assume that anyone who was ever part of the United States Army during the Civil War was Black.One thing to remember when you are trying to figure out how many Black people died in the Civil War is that the statistics are all over the place. It is possible to find different numbers, so it is important to be careful. But remember that the general population at the time was not all white, so the number of black people will be higher than it would be if it were a white population.Now, let's go back to Africa n American history topics for a research paper. As you might imagine, most people did not know anything about black slaves, and they certainly had no idea that they were even enslaved. It is important to note that one man owned more slaves than anyone else in American history. He was a slaveholder who owned perhaps as many as thirty thousand slaves at one time.Now you might be wondering about the subject matter in your paper. Here are some ideas. You might want to consider using the life of Frederick Douglass, an abolitionist who worked for the New York Sun newspaper. He lived to be a hundred years old.Consider the topic of the Louisiana Purchase, which was when the United States bought slaves from Africa, brought them to the United States, and then sold them back to their owners. This is an important topic for a research paper because it is also about the founding of the United States. The idea of the new nation, and the possibility of an uprising against slavery, led to the Civil War. Therefore, you can include this in your research.Of course, it might seem silly to include a story about black people that were slaves in a research paper. It is important to remember that you are writing a research paper, and you want to be able to write coherently about all the topics that are important to your topic. Try not to make the topic about the slavery issue, and instead think about the origins of America.Doing a research paper about African American history topics for a research paper will be easier if you first write a little bit about why you want to write the paper. You might be inspired by someone who wants to write a biography of one of the leaders of the civil rights movement, for example. You can use these stories as part of your research, but also use them as part of the larger African American history topic for a research paper.

A Guide to List of Social Issue

A Guide to List of Social Issue Up in Arms About List of Social Issue? Social justice issues can happen in connection with practically any facet of society where inequality can arise as a consequence of unjust prejudices or policies. The social justice issues can be classified below a list of social policy difficulties and social awareness problems. Social problems often involve issues that impact the true world. A social problem is normally a term used to refer to problems with a specific area or group of men and women in the world. Every nonprofit or social enterprise would like to raise a huge amount of donations and awareness through viral social networking promotion. Social issues transcend almost every facet of the society, and for that reason, given the undertaking of writing an essay on social issues, one is indirectly given the opportunity to select from the plethora of topics within the area. The range of your online fundraising campaign in social media is set by the characteristic of your message. Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the only goal of solving a social matter. In the majority of communities, the financial status always defines an individual's social status. For instance, a high unemployment rate which affects millions of people is a social matter. Of these things, some are grouped among social justice problems that were experienced over years in the usa. The problem of racism has been happening for centuries and thankfully has come down dramatically in the past decade. Drugs have subsequent wellness and emotional issues through addiction and standard usage which then changes an individual's social behavior. Issues like homosexuality create a difference in how people react in society. Emotional aspects connected with a new sort of disability are many times every major aspect in deciding the individual's outcome and the benefits linked to rehabilitative efforts. The notion that lifelong addiction is the very best possible selection for everybody even if the essence of the addiction has the man or woman believing that makes very little sense in the face of so much chance for healing and change. The period of time a person who has a new type of disability might spend pursuing CBT depends on the kind of disability they experience and the coping ability of the individual. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is something which may be employed to aid with assumptions the individual might have concerning their overall look or bodily function. Someone's experience with a new type of disability might be marked by fatigue, negative emotions, a feeling of powerlessness, or confusion. Who he is impacts their ability to adjust to disability. As an example, he might be frustrated because they are having a hard time finding someone to love and believe it is their form of disability that is the cause of the loneliness they feel. Now, this man or woman and a standard individual. The Fight Against List of Social Issue Some are categorized below a list of social justice difficulties. Given such an endeavor, make certain you understand or have a notion about a particular social issue you want to take care of. There are a couple main things you will need to be aware of before you even begin picking social issues essay topics. The list might go on and it's not a thorough list. It's accountable for greater prevalence of social tension. Starvation can happen in a country due to a lot of reasons like war, famine, the disparities between the wealthy and the poor and so forth. The root cause of social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. In addition, these problems are related to one another and it can appear hard to address one without addressing them all.

Art as a Mirror of Society - 678 Words

ART AS A MIRROR OF SOCIETY Art is seen as mirror of our society. It is therefore a source of communication put into meaning by ones ideology and inspiration, which allows us to related to Art in our own way. Visual Arts evokes conversation and seeks to solve problems of creativity and visual communication which has become a dominant global, social, racial, political, religious and capitalist force. The commercialization and commodification of this Visual Art shapes perceptions of visual cultures and visual communication. Art is therefore a reflection of a society influenced by ones own self concepts and experiences. – Differences + Value = Meaning society puts to define differences. Though Art is popular culture,†¦show more content†¦Though not hard and fast, I suggest that through this course, your ideology of Art, your execution of work will give precedence to the changing ideas of Visual Arts. Hopefully, this is characterized by the development of conceptual thought enabling the creative mental powers intrinsically and extrinsically. In this regard, Art is dynamic and demands much more than thought, as a contemporary way of life. Tradition has been broken as technology changes the visual experience. The course will focus on investigation and use of visual elements and principles of design. It helps in providing further investigation, exploration of art forms. These set ideas to inspire and invoke liberating ideas and innovative thinking to translate them into meaningful messages. ‘Art is Never Wrong’ – Kacy Witter. Having the basic understanding about Art and Art forms, becomes questionable as we use the basic elements and pr inciples to define what we see necessary as Art. Popular culture as I shared before, through the postulation of John Fiske is ‘formed always in reaction to and never as part of the forces of domination.’ 1989. I can therefore say Art is technology, and technology is Art. The world view is investigated by ones view as being by that which ignites our fantasies. For want of a better phrase, what you like. It is therefore appropriate to introduce Art as broken down into sectors. TheShow MoreRelatedIs Art A Mirror On Society?1559 Words   |  7 PagesIt is said that art is a mirror on society. Art has long been used to reflect what the society is feeling and what it is dealing with. As an art form this is true of film as well. Throughout history there have been iconic movies that illustrate a number of psychological issues. From depression to retrograde amnesia and obsessive compulsive disorder. The movies are a pretty good place to start whe n one is looking for psychological disorders in art. For this reason they are a great place to startRead MoreMedia As the Mirror of Lebanese Culture1335 Words   |  5 PagesWhat kind of Mirror is the Media of Lebanese Culture? 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Corporate Financial Management Superannuation Contributions

Question: Discuss about thrCorporate Financial Managementfor Superannuation Contributions. Answer: Introduction The concept of superannuation contributions has evolved as a motivational benefit for every individual so that the habit of savings can be encouraged within them and effective investment of funds can be done for a better future. Moreover, in relation to tertiary sector employees, various factors must be taken into account for deciding whether to invest such superannuation contributions in Investment Choice or Defined Benefit Plan. Furthermore, the role of the time value of money is very significant in this case, as it facilitates in effective decision-making processes. In addition, an efficient market hypothesis also assists an investor in knowing about the price of assets or stocks in order to make significant investment decisions. Such efficient market hypothesis sheds light on the role of fund managers in deciding a portfolio. Superannuation Contributions The focus on superannuation contributions and encouraging individuals to invest and save for their future, especially for their retirement years have significantly enhanced over the years. The governments of most countries have also been pro-active in this regard by mandating a minimum amount of contributions that must be made to adhere with the superannuation funds by employers on behalf of employees. Due to such mandated superannuation contributions and an enhancing realization by individuals of the relevance of savings for their future, there are huge amounts of superannuation contributions towards the fund every year, and it is the role of financial institutions to invest such contributions to offer adequate income to fund the non-working aspects of the lives of individuals (Merchant, 2012). In relation to tertiary sector, it forms part of the three relevant economic sectors (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary). Besides, the main work of tertiary employees is to offer advice, share their experiences, and implement their wisdom towards the productivity of both primary and secondary sector. Moreover, in relation to superannuation contribution, it was necessary for employers to contribute three percent of their salaries, and this requirement has now been enhanced to nine percent since the year 2005. Such employers are also required to allocate a percentage of their earnings to superannuation investment. It is to be noted that the requirement for implementing such policies is to curb the burden of social security systems for the provision of payment of pensions to assist individuals during their retirement phase. One of the biggest individual industry-based superannuation funds is Unisuper Ltd that manages and services the superannuation funds of employees in the tertiary sect or (Deegan, 2011). Moreover, the other revolution in the management of superannuation funds in the recent years has been a relevant enhancement in the kinds of superannuation fund products and retirement and investment plan options, with employees now having enhanced flexibility in deciding what kinds of funds and assets their superannuation contributions are invested in. The two main kinds of superannuation plans are Defined Benefit Plan and Investment Choice Plan (Choi Meek, 2011) Based on its name, the Defined Benefit Plan is one wherein the benefits paid to the employees at the time of retirement is ascertained from a formula that considers determinants like age, final average salary, etc. Furthermore, for the tertiary employees who adhere to such plan are allowed to pool and invest their superannuation contributions in a selection of various assets designed by the trustees of Unisuper Ltd. Moreover, as their final benefit payout is ascertained, the investment performance of their portfolio of assets becomes insignificant and does not influence their final retirement payout. This implies that the tertiary employees do not benefit from the gains procured by their portfolio of assets and it is the duty of the trustees of Unisuper Ltd to be fully capable of funding such defined benefits. For employees who opt for Investment Choice Plan, they retain an investment account accommodating employer-sponsored and private superannuation funds, the annual allocation of benefits procured on invested contributions, minus management and administrative expenses. Under this plan, such tertiary employees can nominate the kinds of assets that their superannuation contributions are being invested in Secure Fund, Shares Fund, Trustees Selection Fund, and Stable Fund. These strategies can be easily differentiated on their attributes of return and risk. For the employees who opt for this plan, their final payout of retirement relies on the returns that are generated by their selected strategy of investment, and they encounter the risk of investment related to their superannuation contribution. Relevant Factors to be taken into Account In relation to the factors that must be considered by tertiary employees to decide whether to opt for Investment Choice Plan or Defined Choice Plan, evaluation of risk factors is very relevant. For the tertiary employees who fear of taking any kind of risk and at the same time desire for higher returns can select the Defined Choice Plan. Similarly, employees who do not fear of risk and can anticipate higher returns at the same time can opt for an effective investment strategy based on their risk appetite. In addition, several other factors must be considered in relation to this scenario of whether to select Investment Choice Plan or Defined Choice Plan. First, the capability of employees to select and manage their portfolios is very relevant because individuals having immense knowledge and experience can easily manage their portfolios and other investments, thereby establishing a chance wherein they can easily diminish the likelihoods of potential losses. Similarly, on the other hand , inability to manage the portfolios can enhance the likelihoods of potential losses in the future and therefore, such employees must not undertake the responsibility of managing them (Graham Smart, 2012). Instead, they must transfer such burden onto their employers so that in the case of losses, the employers are the ones who will be liable to compensate to the employees. Similarly, such tertiary employees can consider Investment Choice Plan when there are additional sources of income for them. This is because having other sources of income apart from superannuation fund interests can make such employees less terrified of risk, as they already have other income sources and selecting a risky step can make their expected returns enhance to a higher level (Libby et. al, 2011). In the opposite scenario wherein such employees do not have any other sources of income, they can opt for Defined Benefit Plan because it does not demand high risks from the employees and provides a uniform return after their retirement. Hence, within such decision-making, return profiles and investment risks are of paramount importance together with the previously mentioned factors that must be duly considered by tertiary employees. The Concept of Time Value of Money Time value of money is a concept that identifies the significant worth of future cash flows emerging because of financial decisions by taking into account the opportunity cost of funds. In other words, it forms a relevant aspect of investment. Since money loses its value over time, it is more desirable for investors to have money in the present instead of having it in the future. Another reason is that investment of a dollar in the current scenario can make investors earn interest and enhance their financial assets that can be used according to their requirements (Melville, 2013). Hence, the present value of money is more relevant because investors live in the present time. This distinction in moneys value in the present time and future is called the time value of money. Moreover, the issues relating to this concept are also relevant in decision-making processes or selecting the kind of funds to be invested by employees through their superannuation contributions. Employees contribute a significant portion of their earnings towards superannuation funds throughout their work life. In addition, the receipt of earnings from such funds is further invested in order to build more value. However, such build up of value cannot be attained in just an hour; it takes an immense time to grow over time. Therefore, such employees through the concept of time value must make the computation of the future value of invested money in the present. Besides, according to studies, more time can result in more returns (Libby et. al, 2011). Hence, if an individual is not well accustomed to the investment concept of time value of money, he or she may encounter bad returns because of such bad decisions. Thus, employees must take into account an effective portfolio for investment so that various kinds of benefits in the form of returns can be procured. Another factor is that there can be risk of losses because of the time value of money concept, as it aims for higher ret urns but there can be bad years too. Therefore, in relation to this, employees must make an effective approach to ascertain the portfolio for investment and the quantum of time they can spare for such investment (Kaplan Schoar, 2005). The risk appetite of employees is also significant in relation to the decision-making process because immense patience is needed to procure the benefits desired by them. Hence, this issue is also related to the time value of money that is crucial for decision-making. Efficient Market Hypothesis Efficient market hypothesis or EMH is an investment theory in financial economics that describes that the prices of assets completely depict all available information. According to this theory, it is impossible to overcome the market because the efficiency of stock market can result in current prices of shares to always accommodate and reflect all significant information. In addition, based on this theory, hypothesis stock always trade at their fair values on their respective stock exchanges (Fama, 1998). Thus, this makes it problematic for the investors to either sell stocks at an exaggerated price or purchase undervalued stocks. As such, it must be surely problematic to surpass the aggregate market through the timing of market or expert selection of stocks, and the only key way an investor can procure greater returns is by buying riskier investments. However, if there is any kind of efficacy within such EMH, it is not necessary for the pension fund managers to select a portfolio wi th a pin. This is because pin risk incurs when there does not exist any certainty in the minds of a seller whether exercisability of option prevails or not (Goyal Wahal, 2008). Hence, the seller cannot facilitate hedging and there occurs a situation of either gain or loss. Moreover, in relation to pension funds, the managers must select investments that have an effective return. In addition, diversification of portfolios is also necessary in order to procure better returns (Hand, 1990). It must be notable for the pension fund managers that throwing a pin at the stock sheets can allow him to attain diversified portfolios, but there is an uncertainty of the greater amount of risk of losses or profits that can mitigate the involved risks or expected returns (Brealey et. al, 2011). If an individual pension holder, whose investment the pension fund manager makes, has furnished extra resources, risk appetite, and additional sources of income, then such complication of throwing pin cannot incur. However, in most of the cases, the pension holders portfolio often does not allow high risk for investment. The prevalence of taxes also play a key role in such a scenario and must be taken into due consideration by the pension fund managers (Brigham Daves, 2012). Th is is because the tax position of an individual investor is very relevant for investing decisions and the pension fund manager must be able to select the portfolio that has the advantage of special laws of tax whose advantage can only be obtained in pension funds (Ball, 1995). Besides, such laws make it effective for the managers to enhance the expected return of the portfolio. Conclusion On a whole, the concept of superannuation funds not only motivates habit of savings amongst people but also makes way for factors that can be taken into consideration by employees to decide between Investment Choice Plan and Defined Choice Plan. Furthermore, the concept of time value of money also plays a vital role in allowing the employees to make appropriate decisions regarding their portfolio investment because patience is crucial to acquire the desired benefits. Secondly, in relation to the efficient market hypothesis, it is not compulsory for the pension fund managers to select a portfolio with a pin because the risk of pin only occurs in the case of uncertainties on matters regarding exercisability of options. References Ball, R 1995, The Theory of Stock Market Efficiency: Accomplishments and Limitations, Journal of Corporate Finance, vol. 8, pp. 4-18 Brealey, R, Myers, S Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: Brigham, E Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Learning. Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fama, E.F 1998, Market Efficiency, Long-term Returns, and Behavioral Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 49, pp. 283-306 Goyal, A Wahal, S 2008, The Selection and Termination of Investment Management Firms by Plan Sponsors, Journal of Finance , vol. 63, pp. 1802?1827. Graham, J. Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hand. J.R 1990, A Test of the Extended Functional Fixation Hypothesis, Accounting Review, vol. 65, pp. 740?753 Kalpan , S.N Schoar, A 2005, Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital Flows, Journal of Finance vol. 60, pp. 1795?1823. Libby, R, Libby, P Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Merchant, K. A 2012, Making Management Accounting Research More Useful, Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 24, no.3, pp. 1-34.

A Comprehensive Guide to Write a Formal Essay Efficiently

A formal essay is described as a type of written composition created to discuss a topic assigned by professors to the students. This type of essay is basically a well researched analysis about a particular topic, a claim or an opinion. Most of the students find it a really daunting task as they think they will have to follow a formal procedure to complete it. However, if they break the entire task into various steps, they will be able to manage it very easily.    Thesis Statement of a Formal Essay The entire essay supports the thesis statement which might be a claim or simply an opinion. The statement might also be called a cautious thesis throughout the initial steps of writing process due to uncertainty of the claim or opinion which might later be broaden or narrowed. As the process moves forward, the writer comes in a better position to say something as an ultimate conclusion. Thesis Statement and Objectives to Accomplish There are at least three objectives which are supposed to be accomplished by the writer during the writing process of a formal essay. These objectives are as follow: Objective # 1: Stay within the topic and don’t get distracted during the research process. Objective # 2: Find the acceptable answer for topic related research question which is usually quite specific and thus the writer must follow a very careful approach toward the answer. Objective # 3: Build essay’s basic structure and try to make strong foundation for the thesis statement. Main Components of Formal Essay A formal essay, as traditionally followed, contains 5 main components which are as follow: Introduction Body Paragraph 1 Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 3 Conclusion The Introduction Introduction is the first and of course the most important paragraph of such an essay because the writer must grab the attention of readers and convince them to read the thesis statement which is placed within the last lines of introduction section. You can adopt simple tricks to make your introduction a winning piece of writing. For example: Trick # 1: Definition from Dictionary   You can begin by defining your main topic which may also include proper definition from a well known dictionary. Trick # 2: Description in Own Words On the other hand, you may also describe the topic in your own words so readers can easily understand what they are actually going to read in the next steps. Trick # 3: Use of Quotations Another very impressive way to attract readers is to begin with an interesting quotation which must be related to the topic. Trick # 4: Statistics or Facts The last but not the least trick is the use of statistics or facts about your topic. Supporting Paragraphs Once you capture the attention of the readers and bring them to the main body of your essay, you have to use your maximum potential to make them feel they are really getting for what they have come to this step. The supporting paragraphs of your essay should contain everything needed to support your thesis statement such as facts, statistics, details, examples, surveys, interviews or events. An excellently written paragraph should contain main topic sentence along with supporting sentences which work as the proof to support thesis statement. The paragraph should also contain transition sentence which will motivate the readers to continue reading the next coming paragraph. As far as the length of a supporting paragraph is concerned, it usually depends upon the information about the topic. However, the general idea is that a paragraph should neither be too long nor be too short. Too Long Paragraph If you unnecessarily lengthen a paragraph by including same ideas repeatedly, you will simply make your readers bored and the best way to get rid of such boredom is to split the information into 2-3 sections but never repeat your ideas if you don’t need it. Too Short Paragraph On the other hand, if the length of supporting paragraph is too short, readers might take it as an unserious piece of writing. Therefore, you should always use some interesting information to bring the para at an average size. The Conclusion Once you have successfully brought your readers to the concluding paragraphs, you have already achieved your goals of writing an essay about a particular topic. However, you must understand that the purpose of putting a concluding paragraph at the end of your assignment is not just finishing of a topic, rather you should make readers keep thinking about the points you have discussed earlier. For example: A conclusion may predict something new about the topic which will keep readers think about it. A conclusion might give warning about something that could occur if the thesis problem is not resolved as early as possible. A conclusion might suggest a solution to solve the issue discussed in main body the essay.

Lab Report on Density Measurement Essays

Lab Report on Density Measurement Essays Lab Report on Density Measurement Paper Lab Report on Density Measurement Paper Liquid is usually confined in a container, so its volume is relative to the volume of its container There are various instruments that are used to accurately measure the density of substances; the most commonly used are the densitometers, viscometer and hydrometers [3]. In this experiment, the density of selected liquid samples will be measured using a viscometer. 1. 2 Objectives of the Experiment 1 . To determine the density of low boiling point liquid samples by measuring their mass at controlled volume; 2. To determine the density of alumina by measuring the mass and volume of variously shaped alumina balls; and 3. Compare the density calculated from the given samples with the standard density at room temperature. 1. 3 Significance of the Experiment At the end of the experiment, the laboratory performer is expected to learn the following; 1 . The density of selected liquids and material at a given temperature; and 2. The proper method of measuring the volum e and consequently the density of irregularly shaped objects using water displacement method. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Density is one of the most important and commonly used physical properties of matter. It is an intrinsic property which is represented by the ratio of a matters ass to its volume Density was purportedly discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes in an unusual circumstance. According to stories, King Hirer of Syracuse asked Archimedes to determine whether his new crown is made of pure gold or not. It was seemingly impossible to identify the gold percentage that composed the crown because chemical analysis was still unstudied in those times. One day, when Archimedes was enjoying himself to a bath, he observed that the further he went down the tub, the lesser he weighed and the higher the water level rose up. He then came to the realization that he could determine the Asia of the mass of the crown and the volume of water displaced by the crown, and compare it to the value measured from the pure gold sample. Hence, density and the principle behind it were revealed Density is dependent on many factors, one of which is temperature. It specifically decreases with increasing temperature. This is because an objects volume undergoes thermal expansion at increasing temperature while its mass remains unchanged. This results to a decrease in density [1]. When matter undergoes a transformation to a different phase, it undergoes an abrupt change in density. The transition of molecules of matter to a less random form, say from gas to liquid or from liquid to solid, causes a drastic increase in the density. However, there are substances which behave differently from this density-temperature relationship, by which one example is water. The greatest density achieved by water molecules are at ICC. At temperatures higher or lower than ICC, its density slowly decreases. This makes ice less dense than water, a property not commonly exhibited by other liquids METHODOLOGY 3. Materials A. Viscometer, 25-ml B. Graduated cylinder, 1000-ml C. Graduated cylinder, 250-ml D. Beaker, 250-ml E. Low boiling point liquids (acetone, 70% solution ethyl alcohol, 70% solution spoilsport alcohol), 30 ml F. Distilled water G. Two sets of alumina balls (small cylindrical, large cylindrical and large spherical balls) H. Analytical balance beam 3. 2 Determining the Mass of a 25-ml Liquid [5] A. Carefully clean and dry the viscometer. B. Weigh the empty viscometer and its stopper in the balance beam and record the mass. C. Fill the viscometer with the liquid sample up to its brim, and insert the stopper carefully. Wipe off any excess fluid on the sides of the hygrometer with a clean cloth or tissue. D. Balance and record the mass of the filled viscometer plus the stopper. E. Empty the contents of the viscometer in a clean beaker. F. Make three trials for each liquid. 3. 3 Determining the Mass and Volume of Alumina Balls [5] A. Measure the mass of each alumina ball in the balance beam. B. Add distilled water to the graduated cylinder and record its initial volume. C.